Suffix
- an
Suffix -an forms:
1. adjectives that means "done or happening".
2. It can also derive adjectives meaning "having many, containing many, or suffering from.
3. And it can form a 'noun'
Examples
| hari | day | harian | daily | |
| minggu | week | mingguan | weekly | |
| bulan | month | bulanan | monthly | |
| tahun | year | tahunan | yearly | |
| jam | hour | jam-jaman | hourly | exception(for one syllable root word) |
| meter | meter | meteran | by the meter | |
| lusin | dozen | lusinan | by the dozen | |
| uban | grey hair | ubanan | grey haired | casual word |
| karat | rust | karatan | rusted | casual word |
| buat | make | buatan | product of | |
| jalan | walk | jalanan | street, road | |
| tangis | cry | tangisan | the cry | |
| hentak | jolt | hentakan | the jolt |
- kan
The the presence of suffix -kan is used primarily to derive causatives
Examples
| Root | In A Sentence | Meaning | ||
| selesai | finish | selesaikan | Selesaikan pekerjaan ini | Finish this job off |
| kosong | empty | kosongkan | Kosongkan gelas ini | Empty this glass out |
| campur | mix | campurkan | Campurkan semua bahan | Mix all the ingredients |
| mati | dead | matikan | Matikan lampu di ruang tidur | Turn the lights off in the bedroom |
| sampai | arrive | sampaikan | Sampaikan salam saya | Pass my regards |
| hentak | jolt | hentakkan | Hentakkan kakimu | Jolt your feet |
- nya
An alternative to dia (his/her) is the suffix -nya. Suffix -nya can also be attached to verbs
Example
| Ini bukunya | This is his/her book |
| Maksudnya bukan begitu | That's not what he/she meant |
| Rasanya dia tidak masuk kantor hari ini | It seems like he will not be coming to the office today |
- lah
To give emphasis suffix -lah is often used. It can also be used to soften a command or add politeness.
Examples
| buka | open | bukalah | please open |
| duduk | sit | duduklah | please sit down |
| biar | let | biarlah | just let it go |
| pergi | go | pergilah | please(just) go away |
| buang | throw | buanglah | please throw away |
- i
It is often used to direct the action in the sentence to a location or to an indirect object which is not changed or affected by that action such as: do, at, in, on, from.
The suffix "-i" is used mainly in writing and formal speech.
Examples
| Root | suffix -i | In Sentence | Meaning | |
| dekat | near | dekati | Jangan dekati tempat itu | Don't go near that place |
| jauh | far | jauhi | Jauhi tempat tempat yang berbahaya | Stay away from dangerous spots |
| ulangi | repeat | ulangi | Tolong ulangi kalimat saya | Please repeat my sentence |
| ketemu | meet | ketemui | Kamu harus ketemui ayah saya | You have to meet my father |
| teman | friend | temani | Temani adikmu ke kamar mandi | Accompany your brother to the bath room |